The earths mantle (asthenosphere) is electrically conductive, likley due to molten carbonatesResearchers ...have explained that the high conductivity of the Earth’s upper mantle is due to molten carbonates. They demonstrated the very high conductivity of this form of carbon...their work has revealed the high carbon content of the interior of the upper mantle. This composition can be directly linked to the quantity of carbon dioxide produced by 80% of volcanoes...Geologists have long claimed that significant amounts of carbon have been present in the Earth’s mantle for thousands of years. Up until now, there was very little direct proof of this hypothesis, and samples from the surface of the mantle contained only very small quantities of carbon. Also, for the last thirty years, scientists have been unable to explain the conductivity of the mantle, which is crossed by natural electrical currents at depths of 70 to 350 km, even though olivine, one of the main mineral components of the upper mantle, is completely isolating.
Electrical Volcanoes - carbonatites and mid ocean ridges
Why is the earths mantle electrically conductive unless it needs to be? The atmosphere and planet is immensely electromagnetic for a reason.
Also, for the last thirty years, scientists have been unable to explain the conductivity of the mantle, which is crossed by natural electrical currents at depths of 70 to 350 km, even though olivine, one of the main mineral components of the upper mantle, is completely isolating
Worth quoting again because its so important. Effective Cause. These currents that are 1000s of miles long are called Telluric Currents and flow through the earth and are very likely to help power it. They are not a by-product they are the reason that parts of the earth are conductive. The earth seems to be set up as a brilliant electrical circuit.
Volcanoes are electrical power transformers or exchange points. The molten lava is created very close to them, it is very unlikely to well up deep from the earth. Volcanoes have been seen to exchange lightning, have immense lightning storms and will be found to be highly electric in various forms.
To explain these phenomena, researchers...looked into liquid carbonates, one of the most stable forms of carbon within the mantle, along with graphite and diamond. The Masai volcano is Tanzania is the only place in the world where these carbonates can be observed. Elsewhere, the carbonates are dissolved in basalts and emitted into the atmosphere in gaseous form, as CO2.
...the researchers established the high conductivity of molten carbonates. Their conductivity is 1000 times higher than that of basalt, which was previously thought to be the only potential conductor in the mantle. Fabrice Gaillard and his team have shown that the conductivity of the Earth’s mantle is a result of the presence of small amounts of molten carbonates between chunks of solid rock.
This work shows that the electrical characteristics of the asthenosphere, the conductive part of the upper mantle, are directly connected to the amount of carbonate in the layer. The work also points to varying carbon distribution according to the regions and depth of the mantle...
Electrical Volcanoes - carbonatites and mid ocean ridges
Then the scientists do what they do best. Altough the research and evidence above is completely different to what has been predicted by the standard models, although they will admit they know little about what is going on they still will not review the basics they have, although they seem to be very different to what they find. They start with plate tectonics, the information above was not factored into the theory. Although the old theory will be wrong it will now be modified like Newtonian Physics and the new version of the old wrong idea will now be accepted and quoted fact.
How do you think diamonds are formed? They are found on the surface or just below it, even if that means on tops of mountains it is still just below the rock surface. Maybe they are formed where they are found?
The presence of molten carbonates in the asthenosphere certainly has major implications on the viscosity of this region of the mantle, which participates in the sliding of tectonic plates, a phenomenon we know little about. The behavior of liquid carbonates in solids and potential effects on viscosity remain to be studied. Everything seems to indicate that the asthenosphere contains only oxidated forms of carbon (carbonates), and not carbon in its reduced solid form (diamond).
Diamond formation remains mysterious, but researchers are guessing that diamonds form from liquid carbonates at the base of the lithosphere, below the asthenosphere. Enfin, the electrical measurements of the team on liquid carbonates are of interest to the field of clean energy production, as they can be used as electrolytes in high temperature batteries (eg. lithium carbonate).
Electrical Volcanoes - carbonatites and mid ocean ridges
Electrical (Telluric) currents, high conductivity mantle/rocks, liquid carbonates studied for high temperature batteries... could it be an Electrical Earth in an Electric Universe?